Co-led by Risto Makkonen (UHEL) and Philip Stier (UOXF)

This work package aims to synthesise a comprehensive set of observations to maximise simultaneous constraints on key processes for aerosol effective radiative forcing. Based upon this new set of observations and a large perturbed physics ensemble, this work package will assess parametric, structural and numerical uncertainties of aerosol forcing and implement key metrics into open-source community evaluation tools.

Besides these specific objectives, this work package serves as the “data hub” of FORCeS activities, collecting and coordinating the activities related to using observational data for model evaluation etc.

Satellite image of clouds courtesy of NASA.